Red Flag Laws Definition

Red flag laws are gun violence prevention laws that allow courts to order the temporary confiscation of firearms from persons deemed to pose a risk to others or themselves. Key Takeaways: Red Flag Laws Red flag laws are state gun violence prevention laws which allow police to confiscate firearms from persons deemed by a court to pose a risk to others or themselves.As of August 2019, 17 states and the District of Columbia had enacted red flag laws.After deadly mass shootings in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, President Trump and a bipartisan group of Congress members have indicated their support for red flag laws. Along with gun control proposals, such as universal gun-buyer background checks, raised in the aftermath of shootings like those in Sandy Hook, Parkland, El Paso, and Dayton, demands to enact â€Å"red flag† laws have become common. As of August 2019, 17 states and the District of Columbia had enacted red flag laws. Red Flag Law Definition and Mechanics Red flag laws permit police or family members to ask a state court to order the temporary removal of all firearms from persons believed to present a danger to others or themselves. In deciding to issue such orders, known variously as Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs) or Gun Violence Restraining Orders (GVROs), the courts consider the past actions and statements—including those posted on social media outlets—made by the gun owner in question. If the court decides to issue the order, the gun owner must surrender all firearms to the police for a specified period of time. In addition, the person named in the order is banned from buying or selling guns during that period. Refusing to fully comply with a red flag protective order is a criminal offense. Guns seized under the order are returned to the owner after a set period of time unless that period is extended by the court. Examples of evidence required by the courts to justify granting gun confiscation orders include: A recent act or threat of violence (involving a firearm or not)Evidence of serious mental illnessHistory of domestic violenceReckless use of a firearmEvidence of substance abuse or alcoholismSworn testimony by witnesses The specific legal provisions of red flag laws and how they are enforced vary from state to state. Are Red Flag Laws Effective? Connecticut was one of the first states to enact a red flag law in 1999. According to a 2016 study published in the journal of Law and Contemporary Problems, the 762 gun removals under Connecticuts â€Å"risk warrant† law from October 1999 through June 2013 resulted in one suicide prevented for every ten to eleven gun seizures executed. The study concluded that â€Å"enacting and implementing laws like Connecticut’s civil risk warrant statute in other states could significantly mitigate the risk posed by that small proportion of legal gun owners who, at times, may pose a significant danger to themselves or others.† Are Red Flag Laws Constitutional? Many gun-rights advocates say that red flag laws infringe on gun owners’ Second Amendment right to â€Å"keep and bear arms,† as well as their right to due process of law as provided by the U.S. Constitution. Guns, they argue, are personal property, and both the Fifth and 14th Amendments specifically provide that the government—including the courts and police—may not deprive citizens of property without due process of law. The argument is based on the fact that the court hearings held to decide if an individual poses a threat are held ex parte, meaning that the person whose guns might be temporarily confiscated is not present at the hearing. This, critics say, violates the Sixth Amendment’s guarantee of the right of accused persons to a face-to-face confrontation with witnesses against them.   However, hearings on all types of restraining and protective orders are typically held ex parte out of concern for the safety of the complainant and witnesses.   Red Flag Law Debate A Washington Post-ABC News poll conducted in April 2018 found that 85% of registered voters nationwide support laws that would â€Å"allow the police to take guns away from people who have been found by a judge to be a danger to themselves or others.† States with red flag laws have reported similar levels of public support for the legislation. In March 2018, the National Rifle Association (NRA), which had helped defeat red flag legislation in Utah and Maryland, suggested it might be open to such laws under a strict set of conditions, including a court finding by â€Å"clear and convincing evidence that the person in question poses a significant risk of danger. Despite this statement, the NRA went on to help block red flag legislation in Arizona in 2019. In Congress, virtually all Democrats and a few Republicans are receptive to red flag laws. The day after the mass shootings in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, killed 31 people, President Donald Trump urged states to implement red flag laws to remove guns from â€Å"those judged to pose a grave risk to public safety.† In televised remarks from the White House on August 5, 2019, Trump stated, â€Å"We must make sure that those judged to pose a grave risk to public safety do not have access to firearms and that if they do, those firearms can be taken through rapid due process.† States With Red Flag Laws As of August 2019, red flag laws had been enacted in 17 states and the District of Columbia. Twelve states enacted red flag laws after the shooting at Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, on February 14, 2018, left 17 dead. The states of California, Connecticut, Indiana, Oregon, and Washington, had enacted red flag laws prior to 2018. The 17 states and District of Columbia (in red) that had enacted red flag gun violence prevention laws as of August 2019. Creative Commons With only slight variations, all current red flag laws allow family members and law enforcement to petition a state judge to issue ERPOs directing the confiscation of all guns from the individual they believe poses a threat to their safety. In all cases, the petitioner must present evidence of why the gun owner poses a threat to others, as well as to himself or herself. If the ERPO is granted, the named individual’s guns are confiscated and held by police for a set minimum period, after which the gun owner must prove to the court that he or she no longer poses a risk in order to get their firearms back. Here is a list of who is allowed to request the issuance of an ERPO gun removal order in each state: California: Family, household members, and law enforcementColorado: Family, household members, and law enforcementConnecticut: One state attorney or any two police officersDelaware: Family, household members, and law enforcementDistrict of Columbia: Family, household members, mental health professionals, and law enforcementFlorida: Law enforcement onlyHawaii: Family, household members, teachers, medical professionals, coworkers, and law enforcementIllinois: Family, household members, and law enforcementIndiana: Law enforcement onlyMaryland: Family, household members, certain health professionals, and law enforcementMassachusetts: Family, household members, and law enforcementNevada: Family, household members, and law enforcementNew Jersey: Family, household members, and law enforcementNew York: Family, household members, school administrators, and law enforcementOregon: Family, household members, and law enforcementRhode Island: Law enforcement onlyVermont: State attorneys or the off ice of the state attorney general onlyWashington: Family, household members, and law enforcement As of August 2019, the state legislatures of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina were considering red flag legislation. Federal Red Flag Gun Control Legislation In February 2019, Senator Dianne Feinstein, Democrat of California, introduced the Extreme Risk Protection Order Act (S. 506), which would offer grants to assist states in developing red flag laws and make possessing a firearm in violation of a state red flag law a felony violation of federal firearms law. On August 5, 2019—the day after the El Paso and Dayton shootings—conservative Republican Senator Lindsey Graham stated that he would propose bipartisan legislation to encourage more states to adopt red flag laws. Sources and Further Reference Williams, Timothy (August 6, 2019). What Are Red Flag Gun Laws, and How Do They Work? New York Times.Parker, George F. (2015). Circumstances and Outcomes of a Firearm Seizure Law: Marion County, Indiana, 2006-2013. Behavioral Sciences the LawLaGrone, Katie. (July 30, 2018). More than 450 people in Florida ordered to surrender guns months after gun law took effect. WFTS Tampa Bay.Dezenski, Lauren. Trump backs red flag gun laws. What do they actually do? CNN. (August 5, 2019).Lindsey Graham pushes red flag bill to curb gun violence. Politico. (August 5, 2019).

Essay about Epiphany in to Build a Fire - 961 Words

An Analysis of the Man’s Epiphany in To Build a Fire The short story To Build a Fire, written by Jack London, is a tragic tale of an overconfident, inexperienced man traveling through the brutal, sub-freezing conditions of the Yukon with only the companionship of a dog. The man, un-named in this story, arrogantly decides to break from the main trail to take a less traveled route against the advice of the seasoned old-timer of Sulfur Creek, who warns of traveling alone in such severe conditions. The man is described as being without imagination and not aware of the significance of the things around him, how frail his life is. As his journey prolongs, his confidence builds as he continually cheats nature, but the temperature extends†¦show more content†¦In London’s story, it is this realization by the man that has him swallow his pride and ego in admittance of how frail his existence really was. The events leading to the man’s revelation build his character to be very pompous and arrogant; this being his first winter and a newcomer to the area, not heeding the warning of such seasoned prospects as the old-timer is foolish. He even recollects having laughed at the old-timer upon mention of â€Å"how cold it sometimes got in the country.†(Kennedy Giona, 2007, p. 123) His self-belief is boasted, as he is able to dupe the thin ice and avoid the freezing water beneath it multiple times, even sending the reluctant dog ahead of him in one instance. What the man lacks is basic instinct, which is inherent in the dog, to know that it is too cold to travel in such rigorous conditions. He disregards all of the signs, even though many are very much apparent to him. He can feel it getting colder in his numb limbs, and see it getting colder as his spit freezes before even reaching the ground, yet he is determined to continue. 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The Vampire Diaries Dark Reunion Chapter Fifteen Free Essays

string(21) " she could say that\." Klaus screamed, a scream that reminded Bonnie of ancient predators, of the sabertooth cat and the bull mammoth. Blood frothed out of his mouth along with the scream, turning that handsome face into a twisted mask of fury. His hands scrabbled at his back, trying to get a grip on the white ash stake and pull it out. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Fifteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now But it was buried too deep. The throw had been a good one. â€Å"Damon,† Bonnie whispered. He was standing at the edge of the clearing, framed by oak trees. As she watched, he took a step toward Klaus, and then another; lithe stalking steps filled with deadly purpose. And he was angry. Bonnie would have run from the look on his face if her muscles hadn’t been frozen. She had never seen such menace so barely held in check. â€Å"Get†¦ away†¦ from my brother,† he said, almost breathing it, with his eyes never leaving Klaus’s as he took another step. Klaus screamed again, but his hands stopped their frantic scrabbling. â€Å"You idiot! We don’t have to fight! I told you that at the house! We can ignore each other!† Damon’s voice was no louder than before. â€Å"Get away from my brother.† Bonnie could feel it inside him, a swell of Power like a tsunami. He continued, so softly that Bonnie had to strain to hear him, â€Å"Before I tear your heart out.† Bonnie could move after all. She stepped backward. â€Å"I told you!† screamed Klaus, frothing. Damon didn’t acknowledge the words in any way. His whole being seemed focused on Klaus’s throat, on his chest, on the beating heart inside that he was going to tear out. Klaus picked up the unbroken lance and rushed him. In spite of all the blood, the blond man seemed to have plenty of strength left. The rush was sudden, violent, and almost inescapable. Bonnie saw him thrust the lance at Damon and shut her eyes involuntarily, and then opened them an instant later as she heard the flurry of wings. Klaus had plunged right through the spot where Damon had been, and a black crow was soaring upward while a single feather floated down. As Bonnie stared, Klaus’s rush took him into the darkness beyond the clearing and he disappeared. Dead silence fell in the wood. Bonnie’s paralysis broke slowly, and she first stepped, and then ran to where Stefan lay. He didn’t open his eyes at her approach; he seemed unconscious. She knelt beside him. And then she felt a sort of horrible calm creep over her, like someone who has been swimming in ice water and at last feels the first undeniable signs of hypothermia. If she hadn’t had so many successive shocks already, she might have fled screaming or dissolved into hysterics. But as it was, this was simply the last step, the last little slide into unreality. Into a world that couldn’t be, but was. She’d never seen anybody hurt like this. Not even Mr. Tanner, and he had died of his wounds. Nothing Mary had ever said could help fix this. Even if they’d had Stefan on a stretcher outside an operating room, it wouldn’t have been enough. In that state of dreadful calm she looked up to see a flutter of wings blur and shimmer in the moonlight. Damon stood beside her, and she spoke quite collectedly and rationally. â€Å"Will giving him blood help?† He didn’t seem to hear her. His eyes were all black, all pupil. That barely leashed violence, that sense of ferocious energy held back, was gone. He knelt and touched the dark head on the ground. â€Å"Stefan?† Bonnie shut her eyes. Damon’s scared, she thought. Damon’s scared-Damon!-and oh, God, I don’t know what to do. There’s nothing to do-and it’s all over and we’re all lost and Damon is scared for Stefan. He isn’t going to take care of things and he hasn’t got a solution and somebody’s got to fix this. And oh, God, please help me because I’m so frightened and Stefan’s dying and Meredith and Matt are hurt and Klaus is going to come back. She opened her eyes to look at Damon. He was white, his face looking terrifyingly young at that moment, with those dilated black eyes. â€Å"Klaus is coming back,† Bonnie said quietly. She wasn’t afraid of him anymore. They weren’t a centuries-old hunter and a seventeen-year-old human girl, sitting here at the edge of the world. They were just two people, Damon and Bonnie, who had to do the best they could. â€Å"I know,† Damon said. He was holding Stefan’s hand, looking completely unembarrassed about it, and it seemed quite logical and sensible. Bonnie could feel him sending Power into Stefan, could also feel that it wasn’t enough. â€Å"Would blood help him?† â€Å"Not much. A little, maybe.† â€Å"Anything that helps at all we’ve got to try.† Stefan whispered, â€Å"No.† Bonnie was surprised. She’d thought he was unconscious. But his eyes were open now, open and alert and smoldering green. They were the only alive thing about him. â€Å"Don’t be stupid,† Damon said, his voice hardening. He was gripping Stefan’s hand until his knuckles whitened. â€Å"You’re badly hurt.† â€Å"I won’t break my promise.† That immovable stubbornness was in Stefan’s voice, in his pale face. And when Damon opened his mouth again, undoubtedly to say that Stefan would break it and like it or Damon would break his neck, Stefan added, â€Å"Especially when it won’t do any good.† Only the truth would do. And Stefan was telling the truth. He was still looking at his brother, who was looking back, all that fierce, furious attention focused on Stefan as it had been focused on Klaus earlier. As if somehow that would help. â€Å"I’m not badly hurt, I’m dead,† Stefan said brutally, his eyes locked on Damon’s. Their last and greatest struggle of wills, Bonnie thought. â€Å"And you need to get Bonnie and the others out of here.† â€Å"We won’t leave you,† Bonnie intervened. That was the truth; she could say that. You read "The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Fifteen" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"You have to!† Stefan didn’t glance aside, didn’t look away from his brother. â€Å"Damon, you know I’m right. Klaus will be here any minute. Don’t throw your life away. Don’t throw their lives away.† â€Å"I don’t give a damn about their lives,† Damon hissed. The truth also, Bonnie thought, curiously unoffended. There was only one life Damon cared about here, and it wasn’t his own. â€Å"Yes, you do!† Stefan flared back. He was hanging on to Damon’s hand with just as fierce a grip, as if this was a contest and he could force Damon to concede that way. â€Å"Elena had a last request; well, this is mine. You have Power, Damon. I want you to use it to help them.† â€Å"Stefan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bonnie whispered helplessly. â€Å"Promise me,† Stefan said to Damon, and then a spasm of pain twisted his face. For uncountable seconds Damon simply looked down at him. Then he said, â€Å"I promise,† quick and sharp as the stroke of a dagger. He let go of Stefan’s hand and stood, turning to Bonnie. â€Å"Come on.† â€Å"We can’t leave him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes, we can.† There was nothing young about Damon’s face now. Nothing vulnerable. â€Å"You and your human friends are leaving here, permanently. I am coming back.† Bonnie shook her head. She knew, dimly, that Damon wasn’t betraying Stefan, that it was some case of Damon putting Stefan’s ideals above Stefan’s life, but it was all too abstruse and incomprehensible to her. She didn’t understand it and she didn’t want to. All she knew was that Stefan couldn’t be left lying there. â€Å"You’re coming now,† Damon said, reaching for her, the steely ring back in his voice. Bonnie prepared herself for a fight, and then something happened that made all their debating meaningless. There was a crack like a giant whip and a flash like daylight, and Bonnie was blinded. When she could see through the afterimage, her eyes flew to the flames that were licking up from a newly blackened hole at the base of a tree. Bonnie’s eye darted to him next, as the only other thing moving in the clearing. He was waving the bloody white ash stake he’d pulled out of his own back like a gory trophy. Lightning rod, thought Bonnie illogically, and then there was another crash. It stabbed down from an empty sky, in huge blue-white forks that lit everything like the sun at noon. Bonnie watched as one tree and then another was hit, each one closer than the last. Flames licked up like hungry red goblins among the leaves. Two trees on either side of Bonnie exploded, with cracks so loud that she felt rather than heard it, a piercing pain in her eardrums. Damon, whose eyes were more sensitive, threw up a hand to protect them. Then he shouted â€Å"Klaus!† and sprang toward the blond man. He wasn’t stalking now; this was the deadly race of attack. The burst of killing speed of the hunting cat or the wolf. Lightning caught him in midspring. Bonnie screamed as she saw it, jumping to her feet. There was a blue flash of superheated gases and a smell of burning, and then Damon was down, lying motionless on his face. Bonnie could see tiny wisps of smoke rise from him, just as they did from the trees. Speechless with horror, she looked at Klaus. He was swaggering through the clearing, holding his bloody stick like a golf club. He bent down over Damon as he passed, and smiled. Bonnie wanted to scream again, but she didn’t have the breath. There didn’t seem to be any air left to breathe. â€Å"I’ll deal with you later,† Klaus told the unconscious Damon. Then his face tipped up toward Bonnie. â€Å"You,† he said, â€Å"I’m going to deal with right now.† It was an instant before she realized he was looking at Stefan, and not her. Those electric blue eyes were fixed on Stefan’s face. They moved to Stefan’s bloody middle. â€Å"I’m going to eat you now, Salvatore.† Bonnie was all alone. The only one left standing. And she was afraid. But she knew what she had to do. She let her knees collapse again, dropping to the ground beside Stefan. And this is how it ends, she thought. You kneel beside your knight and then you face the enemy. She looked at Klaus and moved so that she was shielding Stefan. He seemed to notice her for the first time, and frowned as if he’d found a spider in his salad. Firelight flickered orange-red on his face. â€Å"No.† And this is how the ending starts. Like this, so simply, with one word, and you’re going to die on a summer night. A summer night when the moon and stars are shining and bonfires burn like the flames the Druids used to summon the dead. â€Å"Bonnie, go,† Stefan said painfully. â€Å"Get out while you can.† â€Å"No,† Bonnie said. I’m sorry, Elena, she thought. I can’t save him. This is all I can do. â€Å"Get out of the way,† Klaus said through his teeth. â€Å"No.† She could wait and let Stefan die this way, instead of with Klaus’s teeth in his throat. It might not seem like much of a difference, but it was the most she could offer. â€Å"Bonnie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stefan whispered. â€Å"Don’t you know who I am, girl? I’ve walked with the devil. If you move, I’ll let you die quickly.† Bonnie’s voice had given out. She shook her head. Klaus threw back his own head and laughed. A little more blood trickled out, too. â€Å"All right,† he said. â€Å"Have it your own way. Both of you go together.† Summer night, Bonnie thought. The solstice eve. When the line between worlds is so thin. â€Å"Say good night, sweetheart.† No time to trance, no time for anything. Nothing except one desperate appeal. â€Å"Elena!† Bonnie screamed. â€Å"Elena! Elena!† Klaus recoiled. For an instant, it seemed as if the name alone had the power to alarm him. Or as if he expected something to respond to Bonnie’s cry. He stood, listening. Bonnie drew on her powers, putting everything she had into it, throwing her need and her call out into the void. And felt†¦ nothing. Nothing disturbed the summer night except the crackling sound of flames. Klaus turned back to Bonnie and Stefan, and grinned. Then Bonnie saw the mist creeping along the ground. No-it couldn’t be mist. It must be smoke from the fire. But it didn’t behave like either. It was swirling, rising in the air like a tiny whirlwind or dust devil. It was gathering into a shape roughly the size of a man. Mist was flowing out of the ground, between the trees. Pools of it, each separate and distinct. Bonnie, staring mutely, could see through each patch, could see the flames, the oak trees, the bricks of the chimney. Klaus had stopped smiling, stopped moving, and was watching too. Bonnie turned to Stefan, unable to even frame the question. â€Å"Unquiet spirits,† he whispered huskily, his green eyes intent. â€Å"The solstice.† And then Bonnie understood. They were coming. From across the river, where the old cemetery lay. From the woods, where countless makeshift graves had been dug to dump bodies in before they rotted. The unquiet spirits, the soldiers who had fought here and died during the Civil War. A supernatural host answering the call for help. They were forming all around. There were hundreds of them. Bonnie could actually see faces now. The misty outlines were filling in with pale hues like so many runny watercolors. She saw a flash of blue, a glimmer of gray. Both Union and Confederate troops. Bonnie glimpsed a pistol thrust into a belt, the glint of an ornamented sword. Chevrons on a sleeve. A bushy dark beard; a long, well-tended white one. A small figure, child size, with dark holes for eyes and a drum hanging at thigh level. â€Å"Oh, my God,† she whispered. â€Å"Oh, God.† It wasn’t swearing. It was something like a prayer. Not that she wasn’t frightened of them, because she was. It was every nightmare she’d ever had about the cemetery come true. Like her first dream about Elena, when things came crawling out of the black pits in the earth; only these things weren’t crawling, they were flying, skimming and floating until they swirled into human form. Everything that Bonnie had ever felt about the old graveyard-that it was alive and full of watching eyes, that there was some Power lurking behind its waiting stillness -was proving true. The earth of Fell’s Church was giving up its bloody memories. The spirits of those who’d died here were walking again. And Bonnie could feel their anger. It frightened her, but another emotion was waking up inside her, making her catch her breath and clench tighter on Stefan’s hand. Because the misty army had a leader. One figure was floating in front of the others, closest to the place where Klaus stood. It had no shape or definition as yet, but it glowed and scintillated with the pale golden light of a candle flame. Then, before Bonnie’s eyes, it seemed to take on substance from the air, shining brighter and brighter every minute with an unearthly light. It was brighter than the circle of fire. It was so bright that Klaus leaned back from it and Bonnie blinked, but when she turned at a low sound, she saw Stefan staring straight into it, fearlessly, with wide-open eyes. And smiling, so faintly, as if glad to have this be the last thing he saw. Klaus dropped the stake. He had turned away from Bonnie and Stefan to face the being of light that hung in the clearing like an avenging angel. Golden hair streaming back in an invisible wind, Elena looked down on him. â€Å"She came,† Bonnie whispered. â€Å"You asked her to,† Stefan murmured. His voice trailed off into a labored breath, but he was still smiling. His eyes were serene. â€Å"Stand away from them,† Elena said, her voice coming simultaneously to Bonnie’s ears and her mind. It was like the chiming of dozens of bells, distant and close up at once. â€Å"It’s over now, Klaus.† But Klaus rallied quickly. Bonnie saw his shoulders swell with a breath, noticed for the first time the hole in the back of the tan raincoat where the white ash stake had pierced him. It was stained dull red, and new blood was flowing now as Klaus flung out his arms. â€Å"You think I’m afraid of you?† he shouted. He spun around, laughing at all the pallid forms. â€Å"You think I’m afraid of any of you? You’re dead! Dust on the wind! You can’t touch me!† â€Å"You’re wrong,† Elena said in her wind-chime voice. â€Å"I’m one of the Old Ones! An Original! Do you know what that means?† Klaus turned again, addressing all of them, his unnaturally blue eyes seeming to catch some of the red glow of the fire. â€Å"I’ve never died. Every one of you has died, you gallery of spooks! But not me. Death can’t touch me. I am invincible!† The last word came in a shout so loud it echoed among the trees. Invincible†¦ invincible†¦ invincible. Bonnie heard it fading into the hungry sound of the fire. Elena waited until the last echo had died. Then she said, very simply, â€Å"Not quite.† She turned to look at the misty shapes around her. â€Å"He wants to spill more blood here.† A new voice spoke up, a hollow voice that ran like a trickle of cold water down Bonnie’s spine. â€Å"There’s been enough killing, I say.† It was a Union soldier with a double row of buttons on his jacket. â€Å"More than enough,† said another voice, like the boom of a faraway drum. A Confederate holding a bayonet. â€Å"It’s time somebody stopped it†-an old man in home-dyed butternut cloth. â€Å"We can’t let it go on†-the drummer boy with the black holes for eyes. â€Å"No more blood spilled!† Several voices took it up at once. â€Å"No more killing!† The cry passed from one to another, until the swell of sound was louder than the roar of the fire. â€Å"No more blood!† â€Å"You can’t touch me! You can’t kill me!† â€Å"Let’s take ‘im, boys!† â€Å"You can’t kill me! I’m immortal!† The tornado swept away into the darkness beyond Bonnie’s sight. Following it was a trail of ghosts like a comet’s tail, shooting off into the night sky. â€Å"Where are they taking him?† Bonnie didn’t mean to say it aloud; she just blurted it out before she thought. But Elena heard. â€Å"Where he won’t do any harm,† she said, and the look on her face stopped Bonnie from asking any other questions. There was a squealing, bleating sound from the other side of the clearing. Bonnie turned and saw Tyler, in his terrible part-human, part-animal shape, on his feet. There was no need for Caroline’s club. He was staring at Elena and the few remaining ghostly figures and gibbering. â€Å"Don’t let them take me! Don’t let them take me too!† Before Elena could speak, he had spun around. He regarded the fire, which was higher than his own head, for an instant, then plunged right through it, crashing into the forest beyond. Through a parting of the flames, Bonnie saw him drop to the ground, beating out flames on himself, then rise and run again. Then the fire flared up and she couldn’t see anything more. But she’d remembered something: Meredith-and Matt. Meredith was lying propped up, her head in Caroline’s lap, watching. Matt was still on his back. Hurt, but not so badly hurt as Stefan. â€Å"Elena,† Bonnie said, catching the bright figure’s attention, and then she simply looked at him. The brightness came closer. Stefan didn’t blink. He looked into the heart of the light and smiled. â€Å"He’s been stopped now. Thanks to you.† â€Å"It was Bonnie who called us. And she couldn’t have done it at the right place and the right time without you and the others.† â€Å"I tried to keep my promise.† â€Å"I know, Stefan.† Bonnie didn’t like the sound of this at all. It sounded too much like a farewell-a permanent one. Her own words floated back to her: He might go to another place or-or just go out. And she didn’t want Stefan to go anywhere. Surely anyone who looked that much like an angel†¦ â€Å"Elena,† she said, â€Å"can’t you-do something? Can’t you help him?† Her voice was shaking. â€Å"I can do something,† she said. â€Å"But I don’t know if it’s the kind of help he wants.† She turned back to Stefan. â€Å"Stefan, I can cure what Klaus did. Tonight I have that much Power. But I can’t cure what Katherine did.† Bonnie’s numbed brain struggled with this for a while. What Katherine did-but Stefan had recovered months ago from Katherine’s torture in the crypt. Then she understood. What Katherine had done was make Stefan a vampire. â€Å"It’s been too long,† Stefan was saying to Elena. â€Å"If you did cure it, I’d be a pile of dust.† â€Å"Yes.† Elena didn’t smile, just went on looking at him steadily. â€Å"Do you want my help, Stefan?† â€Å"To go on living in this world in the shadows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stefan’s voice was a whisper now, his green eyes distant. Bonnie wanted to shake him. Live, she thought to him, but she didn’t dare say it for fear she’d make him decide just the opposite. Then she thought of something else. â€Å"To go on trying,† she said, and both of them looked at her. She looked back, chin thrust out, and saw the beginning of a smile on Elena’s bright lips. Elena turned to Stefan, and that tiny hint of a smile passed to him. â€Å"Yes,† he said quietly, and then, to Elena, â€Å"I want your help.† She bent and kissed him. Bonnie saw the brightness flow from her to Stefan, like a river of sparkling light engulfing him. It flooded over him the way the dark mist had surrounded Klaus, like a cascade of diamonds, until his entire body glowed like Elena’s. For an instant Bonnie imagined she could see the blood inside him turned molten, flowing out to each vein, each capillary, healing everything it touched. Then the glow faded to a golden aura, soaking back into Stefan’s skin. His shirt was still demolished, but underneath the flesh was smooth and firm. Bonnie, feeling her own eyes wide with wonder, couldn’t help reaching out to touch. It felt just like any skin. The horrible wounds were gone. She laughed aloud with sheer excitement, and then looked up, sobering. â€Å"Elena- there’s Meredith, too-â€Å" The bright being that was Elena was already moving across the clearing. Meredith looked up at her from Caroline’s lap. â€Å"Hello, Elena,† she said, almost normally, except that her voice was so weak. Elena bent and kissed her. The brightness flowed again, encompassing Meredith. And when it faded, Meredith stood up on her own two feet. Then she went to Damon. He was still lying where he had fallen. The ghosts had passed over him, taking no notice of him. Elena’s brightness hovered over him, one shining hand reaching to touch his hair. Then she bent and kissed the dark head on the ground. As the sparkling light faded, Damon sat up and shook his head. He saw Elena and went still, then, every movement careful and self-contained, stood up. He didn’t say anything, only looked as Elena turned back to Stefan. He was silhouetted against the fire. Bonnie had scarcely noticed how the red glow had grown so that it almost eclipsed Elena’s gold. But now she saw it and felt a thrill of alarm. â€Å"My last gift to you,† Elena said, and it began to rain. Not a thunder-and-lightning storm, but a thorough pattering rain that soaked everything-Bonnie included-and doused the fire. It was fresh and cool, and it seemed to wash all the horror of the last hours away, cleansing the glade of everything that had happened there. Bonnie tilted her face up to it, shutting her eyes, wanting to stretch out her arms and embrace it. At last it slackened and she looked again at Elena. Elena was looking at Stefan, and there was no smile on her lips now. The wordless sorrow was back in her face. â€Å"It’s midnight,† she said. â€Å"And I have to go.† Bonnie knew instantly, at the sound of it, that â€Å"go† didn’t just mean for the moment. â€Å"Go† meant forever. Elena was going somewhere that no trance or dream could reach. And Stefan knew it too. â€Å"Just a few more minutes,† he said, reaching for her. â€Å"I’m sorry-â€Å" â€Å"Elena, wait-I need to tell you-â€Å" â€Å"I can’t!† For the first time the serenity of that bright face was destroyed, showing not only gentle sadness but tearing grief. â€Å"Stefan, I can’t wait. I’m so sorry.† It was as if she were being pulled backward, retreating from them into some dimension that Bonnie could not see. Maybe the same place Honoria went when her task was finished, Bonnie thought. To be at peace. But Elena’s eyes didn’t look as if she were at peace. They clung to Stefan, and she reached out her hand toward his, hopelessly. They didn’t touch. Wherever Elena was being pulled was too far away. â€Å"Elena-please!† It was the voice Stefan had called her with in his room. As if his heart was breaking. â€Å"Stefan,† Elena called again, but her voice came as if from a long distance. The brightness was almost gone. Then, as Bonnie stared through helpless tears, it winked out. Leaving the clearing silent once again. They were all gone, the ghosts of Fell’s Church who had walked for one night to keep more blood from being spilled. The bright spirit that had led them had vanished without a trace, and even the moon and stars were covered by clouds. Bonnie knew that the wetness on Stefan’s face wasn’t due to the rain that was still splashing down. He was standing, chest heaving, looking at the last place where Elena’s brightness had been seen. And all the longing and the pain Bonnie had glimpsed on his face at times before was nothing to what she saw now. â€Å"It isn’t fair,† she whispered. Then she shouted it to the sky, not caring who she was addressing. â€Å"It isn’t fair!† Stefan had been breathing more and more quickly. Now he lifted his face too, not in anger but in unbearable pain. His eyes were searching the clouds as if he might find some last trace of golden light, some flicker of brightness there. He couldn’t. Bonnie saw the spasm go through him, like the agony of Klaus’s stake. And the cry that burst out of him was the most terrible thing she’d ever heard. â€Å"Elena!† How to cite The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Fifteen, Essay examples

Marketing Segmentation Strategy Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1.Multisegment Targeting Offers Many Benefits to Firms, as well as Many Additional Costs. List two benefits and four Costs of Multisegment Targeting. Provide Examples and Elaboration.2.Name and Describe four Categories of New Products.3.List the Four Stages of the Product life Cycle. Then describe the Promotional Strategies used in each Stage.4.Describe all four tools of the Promotional mix to Promote the Product. Answers: Benefits and costs of multi-segmenting For a company to succeed there is the need for segmenting the market so that the parts of the market can be served best and makes the company profitable at the same time. The need for strategies that enhance the best relationships with the right customers is always a priority for many firms that are competing[1]. The traditional mass marketing that used to be a custom for most companies is now being abandoned. The companies are now producing products that are tailored to meet specific needs of the customers. It has been noted that consumers have varying tastes and preferences and as such segmenting and targeting such customers have benefited most companies that engage in such practices of segmentation[2]. One of the advantages of segmentation is that it increases the focus on the enterprise. Segmentation has the power of enabling a company focus on specific market segments. The returns in most cases increase with increases in attention[3]. A good example is the automobile industry li ke Toyota who started focusing on sectors that deal with small cars, a move that has seen Toyota rise globally. Multi-segmenting increases the competitiveness of the company[4]. Once a company focuses on a particular segment it means that such a firm will innovate products that suit such a market making the business more competitive as compared to the competitors[5]. A good illustration is the Johnsons baby products that segmented the baby market and specializes in baby stuffs a move that has seen Johnson claim a large portion of the market share globally. However, there are some limitations with multi segmenting and are referred to as the costs[6]. With the geographic segmentation, it is limited in scope in the sense that it generalizes the tastes and preferences of consumers. The geographic segmentation requires combination with another strategy so as to be effective. Segments, on the other hand, tend to be small which may affect the operation of a firm. In the case that the marke t served is small, it means the company will experience low turnover which threatens a companys viability in the long-run. In a market that has many brands, it may be risky segmenting such markets due to the many competitors providing such products. As a consequence, there are additional costs that reduce the profits for the firm. Lastly, in the case of a new product, it may be deemed risky segmenting such a market as no research has been conducted on such new products[7]. Convincing the consumers to utilize such commodities may take extra effort so as to segment such a market. 2.Categories of new products Products can get categorized into various classifications depending on the level they are placed on the market. One category is that of new to world products where a company goes an extra mile producing a product that has never existed before[8]. In this category, the firm diversifies the product, and in most cases, the products are only new to the firm but not to the already existing the market[9]. A good illustration is the Coca-Cola Company that is well known for the good quality of its beverages. If Coca Cola decides to diversify into snacks and cookies, then these new products would be classified as the new for the Coca-Cola Company. The second classification is the product line extension which is the companys additional of more products to the already existing stock. In this category, a company develops a brand that stands out among others regarding color, shape, and texture. In the example of Coca-Cola Company, as it has been observed, the company is producing an additional product such as mineral water and juices and as such would get considered as additional products[10]. With product improvements, it entails making amendments to the existing product that is in the marketplace. In most cases, the change may be minor or major and may involve developing the features of the products to suit the changing needs of the consumers. In some cases, the process is aimed at updating the products so that they meet the standards that are in the market or it may be the case of technological improvement making the commodities to be improved at the same time. Such upgrades may make the product competitive and increase the benefits that consumers can get from such a product. A good example is the Microsoft that has always been updating the windows, for instance, there was Windows 7, then Windows 8 and currently the consumers are using Windows 10[11]. Finally, product repositioning involves changing the image of a product in the marketplace; however, the product in most instances is an existing product. In most instances, there is communication that is intended to depict the range of benefits from such a product. Reposition of the product is also followed by changing the design of the product either through the mode of packaging. A good illustration is when in the past, Lucozade was meant for the sick, but as of today, it has been repositioned to serve the athletes. 3.Product lifecycle Consumers have the tendency of purchasing products in the markets worth millions of money every year. The products purchased just like the human beings have a lifecycle meaning that there are those products that exit the market earlier as compared to the others. The new products, on the other hand, have the advantage of being dominant in the market and gaining popularity. Most companies, on the other hand, have invested heavily in product development after realizing that their products have a limited lifespan and it is, therefore, their responsibility to make sure they remain relevant in the market[12]. As products move and evolve along the four stages, various stages should be employed to maintain the success of the product. The promotional strategies that can be employed are as follows: Introduction When launching a new product in the market, the main objective of the firm will be to inform the target group of the existence of such a product. Launching a new product is the most expensive stage for any company. At this stage, it will be critical to employ informative advertising such as the radio, television, and magazines[13]. Growth At this stage, it is characterized by increase in the sales volume and profits. It is at this stage that the company enjoys the economies of scale which has the effect of pushing the profits margins up. The firms as a result of reaping the profits have the advantage of spending money on the promotional strategies with the aim of maximizing their potential. Since the product has already gained acceptance from the target market, the firm will use a strategy that aims at increasing the loyalty of the customers[14]. Maturity At maturity stage, the product is already established, and in most instances, the manufacturer aims at maintaining the market share. It is at this juncture that competition is at its highest among the firms and businesses are advised to invest wisely in any market they wish to penetrate. The product should also be in a position to undergo modifications or upgrades which can make them more competitive in the market. Since the product experiences more competition from the other brands, there is need to engage in persuasive advertising to entice their clients to use their products over those produced by the competitors. The benefits or advantages of using a product should be communicated to the audience clearly[15]. Decline The market for the product at this stage begins to decline a stage referred to as the decline stage. The decline could be associated with a market getting saturated or because the consumers have switched to a particular product. The decline stage though inevitable, it still provides opportunities for companies to continue reaping profits through reducing the costs of production or firms venturing into cheaper markets. Reminder advertising would be favorable at this stage reminding consumers that the product still exists. 4.Tools of promotional mix One of the instruments is advertising where it is necessary that awareness of the new program should be created either through the flyers conveying the message on weight loss. Advertising can also assume the dimensions of the media through the television, radio, and internet[16]. Sales promotion is also another useful tool. In this case, since the program is very in the market, it would be necessary to have the customers believe that there will be price cuts may be 15% off would be a great deal and attract many customers[17]. Public relations are aimed at creating a lasting impression about the company. Holding a charity campaign for the neighborhood may create a good deal for the new program. Publicity may entail inviting some prominent person who gets featured in advertising campaigns using the new products[18]. Personal selling has always held the compelling power of convincing the customers to purchase the products[19]. Conducting door to door campaigns informing people of the new product and its advantages and benefits has the power of inducing some people to join the program[20]. References Akers, Helen. 2017. "What Is Multi-Segment Marketing?". Smallbusiness.Chron.Com. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/multisegment-marketing-25419.html. Bhasin, Hitesh. 2016. "6 Advantages Of Segmentation - Benefits Of Segmentation".Marketing91.Com. https://www.marketing91.com/6-advantages-segmentation/. Bhasin, Hitesh. 2017. "Limitations Of Segmentation - Disadvantages Of Segmentation".Marketing91.Com. https://www.marketing91.com/limitations-segmentation/. Chand, Smiriti. 2017. "Advantages And Disadvantages Of Market Segmentation".Yourarticlelibrary.Com: The Next Generation Library. Accessed April https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/marketing-management/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-market-segmentation/27955/. Chand, Smiriti. 2017. "5 Main Stages Of Product Life Cycle". Yourarticlelibrary.Com: The Next Generation Library. Accessed April 1. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/product/5-main-stages-of-product-life-cycle/29855/. Claessens, Maximilian. 2017. "Categories Of New Products - What Is A New Product? -Marketing-Insider". Marketing-Insider. https://marketing-insider.eu/categories-of-new-products/. Converse, Paul Dulaney, and Fred Mitchell Jones. 2008. Introduction To Marketing.Place of publication not identified]: [Meisel Press]. Foundation, Edward Lowe. 2017. "How To Establish A Promotional Mix-Edward Lowe .Foundation". Edward Lowe Foundation. https://edwardlowe.org/how-to-establish-a-promotional-mix/.Gorchels, Linda. 2012. The Product Manager's Handbook. 1st ed. New York:McGraw-Hill. Grace, Karen. 2017. "Categories Of New Products". Prezi.Com. Accessed April 1.https://prezi.com/pikbvyepyr1l/categories-of-new-products/. Jobber, David, and Fiona Ellis-Chadwick. 2016. Principles And Practice Of Marketing.London: McGraw-Hill Education. Kurtz, David L, and Louis E Boone. 2007. Principles Of Marketing. Australia: Thomson.Lombardo, Jennifer. 2017. "Types Of New Products: New Product Lines, ProductImprovements More - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.Com". Study.Com. Accessed April 1. https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-new-products-new-product-lines-product-improvements-more.html. Manis, KT. 2014. "Promoting Products: 5 Components Of The Promotional Mix". https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141002042202-284765029-promoting-products-5-components-of-the-promotional-mix. Morello, Robert. 2017. "What Is Multi-Segment Marketing?". Yourbusiness.Azcentral.Com. https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/multisegment-marketing-13056.html. Mulder, Patty. 2014. "Product Life Cycle Stages Theory By Raymond Vernon |oolshero". Toolshero. https://www.toolshero.com/marketing/product-life-cycle-stages/. Peterson, Roger. 2007. Principles Of Marketing. Delhi: Global Media. Rizzi, Vanessa. 2017. "Why Market Segmentation Is Crucial For Your Business". Entrepreneurhandbook.Co.Uk. https://entrepreneurhandbook.co.uk/why-market-segmentation-is-crucial-for-your-business/. S, Nithya. 2017. "Top 5 Elements Of Promotional Mix | Products". Essays, Research Papers And Articles On Business Management. https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/advertisement/promotional-mix/top- 5-elements-of-promotional-mix-products/8114.V, Martin. 2014. "Marketing Mix | Promotion In Four P's". Cleverism. https://www.cleverism.com/promotion-four-ps-marketing-mix Akers, Helen. 2017. "What Is Multi-Segment Marketing?". Smallbusiness.Chron.Com.https://smallbusiness.chron.com/multisegment-marketing-25419.html. Kurtz, David L, and Louis E Boone. 2007. Principles Of Marketing. Australia: Thomson.Bhasin, Hitesh. 2016. "6 Advantages Of Segmentation - Benefits Of Segmentation".Marketing91.Com. https://www.marketing91.com/6-advantages-segmentation/ Chand, Smiriti. 2017. "Advantages And Disadvantages Of Market Segmentation". Yourarticlelibrary.Com: The Next Generation Library. Accessed April 1. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/marketing-management/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-market-segmentation/27955/. [Rizzi, Vanessa. 2017. "Why Market Segmentation Is Crucial For Your Business". Entrepreneurhandbook.Co.Uk. https://entrepreneurhandbook.co.uk/why-market-segmentation-is-crucial-for-your-business/. Bhasin, Hitesh. 2017. "Limitations Of Segmentation - Disadvantages Of Segmentation". Marketing91.Com. https://www.marketing91.com/limitations-segmentation/ Morello, Robert. 2017. "What Is Multi-Segment Marketing?". Yourbusiness.Azcentral.Com. https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/multisegment-marketing-13056.html. Gorchels, Linda. 2012. The Product Manager's Handbook. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Claessens, Maximilian. 2017. "Categories Of New Products - What Is A New Product? - Marketing-Insider". Marketing-Insider. https://marketing-insider.eu/categories-of-new-products/. Grace, Karen. 2017. "Categories Of New Products". Prezi.Com. Accessed April 1. https://prezi.com/pikbvyepyr1l/categories-of-new-products/. Lombardo, Jennifer. 2017. "Types Of New Products: New Product Lines, Product Improvements More - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.Com". Study.Com. Accessed April 1. https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-new-products-new-product-lines-product-improvements-more.html. Peterson, Roger. 2007. Principles Of Marketing. Delhi: Global Media. Chand, Smiriti. 2017. "5 Main Stages Of Product Life Cycle". Yourarticlelibrary.Com: The Next Generation Library. Accessed April 1. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/product/5-main-stages-of-product-life-cycle/29855/. Mulder, Patty. 2014. "Product Life Cycle Stages Theory By Raymond Vernon | Toolshero". Toolshero. https://www.toolshero.com/marketing/product-life-cycle-stages/. Converse, Paul Dulaney, and Fred Mitchell Jones. 2008. Introduction To Marketing. [Place of publication not identified]: [Meisel Press]. Foundation, Edward Lowe. 2017. "How To Establish A Promotional Mix - Edward Lowe Foundation". Edward Lowe Foundation. https://edwardlowe.org/how-to-establish-a-promotional-mix/. Jobber, David, and Fiona Ellis-Chadwick. 2016. Principles And Practice Of Marketing. London: McGraw-Hill Education.[17] Manis, KT. 2014. "Promoting Products: 5 Components Of The Promotional Mix". https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141002042202-284765029-promoting-products-5-components-of-the-promotional-mix. V, Martin. 2014. "Marketing Mix | Promotion In Four P's". Cleverism. https://www.cleverism.com/promotion-four-ps-marketing-mix/. S, Nithya. 2017. "Top 5 Elements Of Promotional Mix | Products". Essays, Research Papers And Articles On Business Management. https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/advertisement/promotional-mix/top-5-elements-of-promotional-mix-products/8114.