Understanding Cultures And Intercultural Communication

â€Å"Understanding cultures and intercultural communication in terms of countries and nationalities is no longer relevant or effective.† Evaluate this statement, referring to relevant theories and using examples where appropriate. Student ID: 6749473 Academic subject: MSC Accounting and Financial Management Word count: 1511 Topicï ¼Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å"Understanding cultures and intercultural communication in terms of countries and nationalities is no longer relevant or effective.† Evaluate this statement, referring to relevant theories and using examples where appropriate. In the past five decades, there has been a considerable increase in exchanges between different countries, such as business, financial, individual, economy, religion, education and gender. Intercultural communication is essential in the contemporary world due to globalisation. Indeed, some economists claim that intercultural communication is no longer relevant to countries while others believe that it is still significant for the entire world. This essay will evaluate the effectiveness and relevance of understanding cultures and intercultural communication based on countries and nationalities, and then explain why this understanding is still meaningful, and will address three aspects, namely business, education and society. First of all, it is important to note that there are a number of definitions of cultural and intercultural communication. For instance, Piller (2011: 16) indicated that interculturalShow MoreRelatedIntercultural Communication : Understanding, Culture, And Perspect ives1470 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural communication is about distinctions and variances that refer to traditional, and everyday life. In this reflection paper I will display supporting factors that contribute to my understanding of cultures. 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Hall, an American anthropologistRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Interaction Between International Students And Japanese Peers1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Intercultural Communication refers to the interaction between different cultural communities; the sharing of information across language and cultures is known as intercultural communication. The main aim of this communication is to understand the different culture, tradition and interact accordingly. The intercultural literacy provides understanding and satisfaction in the communication. They are many problems which are faced due to lack of proper intercultural communication. In an articleRead MoreIntercultural Communication And The Australian Criminal Justice System1364 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural communication is a relatively new subject that has had increasing popularity among managers in both the business and education sectors. 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When given the relevance for social and political life, the scope of intercultural competence aims to free people from their own logic in order to engage with others and listen to theirRead MoreDifferent Positive And Unique Aspects Of Intercultural Relationships1233 Words   |  5 Pagesunique aspects of intercultural relationships. Intercultural relationships allow individuals to understand other people of different cultures, ethnicities, gender and etc. It is interesting understanding other peoples beliefs as well as how they have lived there life’s. A positive aspect of intercultural relationships is the difference between the two people. I think it is interesting learning how other people thin k and how they were brought up. 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This paper explores five published articles pertaining to communication among individuals from different cultures. More specifically focusing on intercultural friendships and the importance of creating opportunities for communication across cultures in adolescents. This paper recognizes a study by the University of Wisconsin

Fight Club By Chuck Palahniuk - 1442 Words

Fight Club At first glance, Chuck Palahniuk’s award-winning novel Fight Club gives the impression that it is a simple story revolving around a man who struggles to manage his insomnia. However, a deeper literary analysis will show readers that the novel is much more than that. Fight Club is actually a cleverly written novel that contains many elements of Marxist and psychoanalytic theories throughout the storyline. Marxism is based on the concepts of Karl Marx’s theories that focuses on class relations and social conflict. On the other hand, psychoanalytic criticism stems from Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychology. The novel is best interpreted from a Marxist point of view because Palahniuk uses Fight Club as a means of expressing his†¦show more content†¦His economic ideas and principles contributed to the establishment of many communist states. Marxists refer to socioeconomic class when discussing the class structure because economic power always incl udes social and political power as well (Tyson 50). There are two distinct social classes featured in Fight Club that constantly clash with one another: bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie consists of powerful, wealthy individuals who are well above the proletariat. These are the people who â€Å"control the world’s natural, economic, and human resources† (Tyson 50). On the other hand, the proletariat is made up of weaker individuals but hold a much larger amount. Even though they lack power, the proletariat make up for it in numbers. They are the â€Å"majority of the global population who live in substandard conditions and who have always performed manual labor† (Tyson 50). Although not obviously mentioned, the proletariat is the ultimate source of bourgeoisie power as their labor allows the entire system to function. Without the proletariat, the bourgeoisie would cease to exist. The struggle to survive has kept the proletariat from fighting back. Fight Club does an excellent job at revealing many examples of social conflicts between the two classes. The whole basis of the story is centered on attempts to overthrow the upper class. In the scene where the

Betrayal and Loyalty free essay sample

Throughout the play, Iago manipulates the other characters into betraying one another so that he can get his ultimate betrayal on Othello. Shakespeare uses Iago as the main portrayer of betrayal throughout the entire play. He betrays all the other characters, but his main focus is on Othello. Despite that, he ends up betraying all the people closest to him. Iago’s betrayal starts off from the first scene page of the play right until the end. The audience learns Iago’s motive through his monologue: â€Å"Thus do I ever make my fool my pursel hate the moor, and it is thought abroad that ‘twixt my sheets’ has done my office. I know not if’t be true, but I, for mere suspicion in that kind will do as if for surety. † Iago suspects that Othello has had an affair with his wife. However, Shakespeare makes Iago’s motif very unclear; therefore, it can be argued that this is Iago’s excuse and in actual fact he has no reason other than he simply hates Othello. Iago wants to destroy Othello because Othello promoted Casio as chief lieutenant instead of him, which is another reason why Iago wants to destroy him. Iago is one of Shakespeare’s most complex villains. Initially, we see Iago’s character as pure evil, yet later we see him as a completely amoral person. Iago does not push aside his conscience to commit his evil plans, he simply lacks a conscience to begin with. Through Iago, Shakespeare shows us a character that acts against his reputation and betrays all this friends and loved ones. Through some careful thought out words and actions, Iago is able to manipulate others to do things in a way that benefits him and moves him closer to his ultimate goal. He is the main driving force of the play, pushing Othello and everyone towards their tragic end. Iago is smart. He is an expert judge of people as well as their character and uses this to his advantage. Iago is also quick on his feet, making him able to improvise when something unexpected occurs. Being as smart as he is, Iago is quick to recognize the advantages of trust and uses it as a tool to forward his main purpose. Throughout the story he is commonly known as the â€Å"honest Iago†. He even says himself, â€Å" I am an honest man†. Trust is a very powerful emotion that is easily betrayed. Iago is a master of betrayal. He slowly poisons people’s thoughts, creating ideas in their heads without risking himself. Iago is capable of anything, not even the brave soldier Othello is safe from this villain. Othello holds Iago to be his closest friend and advisor. He believes Iago to be a person, â€Å"of exceeding honest, who knows all qualities with learned spirit of human dealings†. Yes, he does know about human dealings, but he is not the honest man he appears to be. He uses Othello’s trust in him to eventually turn Othello into a man no better than himself. Othello is introduced to us in the first scene of the play in a negative light, when Iago and Rodrigo refer to him using derogatory terms such as, â€Å"The Moor†, â€Å"the thick lips†, â€Å"an old black ram† and â€Å"a Barbary horse†. Othello may be an outcast in Venice due to the color of his skin; however, he is a highly respected soldier. He is extremely skilled in his field and a loyal man; therefore, valuable to the state. Due to this, we soon learn of Othello as the noble man he is. Othello, however, has the â€Å"tragic flaw†. It is the internal imperfection in a hero that brings him down. His downfall becomes his own doing; he is no longer the victim of fate. The prejudice of those around him destroyed him, and they believed that, â€Å"A black man is an unattractive creature, not quite human, and unworthy of love†. Thinking this made him unable to believe that Desdemona could truly love him. This is why he believes Iago so easily when he convinces him Desdemona has had an affair. Othello betrays his wife by believing Iago’s word over hers, this then leads him to his ultimate betrayal when he kills her at the end of the play. At this point he also shows his loyalty to her by killing himself, stating that he can’t live without her. The man we see at the end of the play is not the loyal man we meet in the beginning. Othello has let the â€Å"green eyes monster of jealousy† turn him from a loyal soldier to a betrayer just like Iago. Desdemona is a lady of spirit and intelligence; she is the most direct, honest and loyal character of the play. She only betrays people to those to who she is loyal. Desdemona is a lady of few words, yet she makes sure every word counts to get her point across. In Desdemona’s eyes, Othello is the hero of many exciting and dangerous adventures; he is the orphan who needs love. These are the reasons Desdemona had fallen in love with Othello, despite all the nasty remarks from fellow Venetian citizens. Her marriage has brought her position and happiness, so much that she finds it unbearable to think that her husband has turned against her. This numbness lasts until she sees that he actually intends to kill her. She then puts up a defense, insisting on her loyalty and innocence. In despair of losing his love, she still defends him from consequences of his actions, but he is past seeing the truth: that she has committed herself to his love, and without it she cannot live. Othello ends up killing his wife, in spite of her loyalty toward him till the very end. By the end of the play, all characters have lost their loyalty to each other from what Iago as done to make them feel betrayed. Desdemona is left lifeless in her room, Iago kills his wife Emilia, as she reveals that Desdemona has been falsely accused of adultery, and Othello kills himself rather than living with what he has done. Iago is the only survivor by the end of the play, which further justifies his intelligence. All the characters have reached their downfall and Iago is finally pleased. He has completed the ultimate betrayal.

Sears Case Study free essay sample

Sears is our nation’s fourth largest retailer. With over 4,000 stores in the United States and Canada, Sears has grown from its humble beginnings. Sears is a leader in apparel, home appliances, home, lawn and garden, tools, automotive repair, maintenance, and electronics. Sears also provides home service, serving 11 million service calls yearly. Richard Sears founded Sears as a mail order company and it grew to be one of the largest retailers. He opened the first department store in Chicago in 1925. Sears found success and by 1928 three more stores had opened. Now Sears employs 249,000 employees and it has grown quickly. In 2005, Sears merged with K-Mart and has helped both evolve and the merger proved to be both successful and positive. Although they have faced challenges along the way they have been able to gain a large market share because of their product mix, quality services, products, and solutions. No matter what difficulties they have faced Sears has been a leader in the retail industry and they will strive to be sure that doesn’t change. We will write a custom essay sample on Sears Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sears has come a long way from its beginnings as a catalog. Sears has many unique attributes that make it a place that people want to shop. Despite their great accomplishment and striving to become one the largest and most competitive retailers, Sears is facing several key issues. Sears must reevaluate their internal and external environment in order to implement the changes and solutions necessary to get Sears back to where it needs to be. This has definitely been key to their success because they are able to tailor their products to their customers needs using an integrated cost leadership/differentiation strategy. Sear is competing in a very competitive industry and if they follow through with their differentiated strategy they will continue to improve. Sears was able to pursue low cost and provide differentiation to their customers. Rosa Corporate Financial Position Sears financial position is currently improving. They are dealing with not only a let down on their fourth quarter losses but the sales have decreased as well in both their department stores and Kmart unit. To deal with their losses they are in the process of selling 11 stores to make up for their finances which has made their stocks go up at 19% (MarketWatch, 2012). If they sell these properties they could earn around $270 million in proceeds. It could go either way though since when sales decrease selling assets may not be the right way to bring in growth in the future. Also if they follow their plan of moving Sears Hometown and Outlet stores they could bring in between $400 million to $500 million of proceeds during the third fiscal quarter (SHLD: Nasdaq, 2012). Sears net income has dropped continually year after year from $235. M to a mere $133. 0m. One reason being is the percentage of sales has been more focused on the SGA (Sales General Administration) costs which has made it go from 23. 69% to 24. 09% (SHLD:Nasdaq GS, 2012). Core Competency The main core competency would have to be in there customer service. They offer great service to their customers which has gave them a comp etitive advantage against competitors. They use this to differentiate themselves from competition. They have built up a good customer base. They make sure they have their best associates available for customers especially through peak hours. They try and do all possible that will let them have a good customer relationship with their customers. Sears also likes to make sure their customers are completely satisfied with their shopping experience. Strengths/Capabilities/Resources †¢Strong balance sheet †¢Holds valuable assets-substantial liquidity($3. 2 billion total) †¢Strong retail network †¢ Economies of scale (3,847 stores in U. S Canada) †¢Brand mix is balanced †¢Extensive product offerings †¢Top market position †¢Many different lines to offer (appliances, automotive, lawn and garden, tools, home electronics, clothing, etc. †¢Dependable to the customers †¢Service Departments Weaknesses †¢Poor operating performance (high operating expenses than competitors) †¢ Store sales volumes are low †¢Inventory turnover is low †¢Negligence towards quality control †¢Weak in specialty retailing †¢High administrative costs †¢Sustainable growth †¢Too much diversification (offer too many services) Firm’s External Environment Amy Demographics Please note, I didn’t include any information about Sears’ target markets. I was not sure if this would go in the demographics section I thought it might flow better under strategy. I can certainly add more to this section as well, if any of you have any thoughts/suggestions. Thanks! Currently, worldwide demographic trajectories show that the fastest growing age group is people over the age of 60. As this age demographic continues to grow, younger populations are projected to decrease at the same rate. The under 15 age group is currently 26% of the global population, which will decrease to 20% by 2050. (Market Potential of Maturing Customers) This will drastically change business strategies in the future, as younger generations are target less marketing becomes more adult-focused. With an increasing older population, this will create additional buying power and opportunities for the retail market. Currently, individuals over the age of fifty own 80% of the U. S. financial assets and have half of the discretionary income needed for retail spending. Additionally, worldwide consumers over 60 years older are projected to spend $15 trillion by the end of the decade, which is a massive increase over the $8 trillion recently spent by this age demographic in 2010. (The Market Potential of Maturing Consumers) By focusing on this age demographic, it may provide great growth opportunities for Sears in the future. Changes in target age demographics will also change the dynamic of shopping. Mature consumers are likely to spend more time in-store, looking for a quality shopping experience. This will likely change the dynamic of retail service, store layouts, products, and prices. Sears and its competitors may become more focused on limited, high-quality products at low prices, rather than unlimited, low-quality, low-priced products. With these changes, there will also likely be a shift in marketing strategies, customer service focus, and product designs.

Goggle Eyes by Anne Fine essays

Goggle Eyes by Anne Fine essays Anne Fine uses a number of literary features in her novel Goggle-Eyes to influence the ways the reader responds. These literary elements include: point of view, theme, style, plot, mood/tone, setting and characters. Point of view establishes how the reader sees the story. Lukens (2003, p 168) describes this type of story-telling as one where the reader is able to live, act, feel and think the conflict as the protagonist experiences it and tells it. Fine uses first-person point of view effectively throughout the novel as the reader shares the opinions and feelings of the narrator, Kitty Killin, one of the main characters. Although scarcely more than a child, Kitty appears to be a trustworthy and likeable narrator as she is intelligent, articulate and perceptive. She often appears wiser and more insightful than the adults in the novel. As a result of this we find ourselves sharing her views. Even though Kitty is quite harsh towards Gerald, we agree with her assessment of Gerald as a political Neanderthal (Fine, 1989, p 28) and understand why she states that, After that horrible, horrible row with Mum I absolutely hated him. (Fine, 1989, p 35) Later in the novel when Kittys feelings towards Gerald change, as she wonders if she hadnt been a bit unfair to poor old Gerald Faulkner, deciding so early on that he was the worst thing to have happened to our household since Dad packed his boxes and went off to Berwick upon Tweed....(Fine 1989, p 128) we also modify our views. The personal, chatty style of the novels first person narration, accompanied by simple sentence structure also influence the way we respond. Kittys informal conversational style draws us into her world. We feel as though we are the good friend she is confiding in when she reveals her innermost feelings, for example, when she tells us It suddenly occurred to me that part of the reason I couldnt s...

And Introduction to Spanish Verb Conjugation

And Introduction to Spanish Verb Conjugation The concept of verb conjugation is the same as in English - only the details are far more complicated. Verb conjugation refers to the process of changing a verb form to provide information about the action being performed. The form of the verb can give us some idea about who is performing the action, when the action is being performed, and the relation of the verb to other parts of the sentence. To better understand the concept of conjugation in Spanish, lets look at some conjugation forms in English and compare them with some Spanish forms. In the examples below, the English verbs are explained first, followed by the corresponding Spanish forms. If youre a beginner, dont worry for now about what terms like present tense, auxiliary verb and indicative mean. If you cant understand what they refer to by the examples given, you will learn them in your later studies. This lesson isnt intended to be an exhaustive analysis of the subject, but rather just enough that you can grasp the concept of how conjugation works. Infinitive To talk is the infinitive form of the verb in English. It is the basic form of the verb, by itself conveying no information about the verb action. It can be used as a noun, as in To talk in public is difficult. (Some grammarians classify talk by itself as the infinitive).The same things are true of Spanish infinitives; they convey no information about the verb action, and they can be used as nouns. Infinitives in Spanish always end in -ar, -er or -ir. The verb for to talk is hablar. Present-tense indicative verbs I talk, you talk, he talks, she talks, we talk, they talk. In English, an s: yo hablo, I talk; tà º hablas, you (singular) talk; à ©l habla, he talks; ella habla, she talks; nosotros hablamos, we talk; ellos hablan, they talk. In many cases the verb form gives enough information that it isnt necessary to indicate with a subject noun or pronoun who is performing the action. Example: canto, I sing. Future-tense indicative I will talk, you will talk, he will talk, we will talk, they will talk. In English, the future tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb will.For the future tense, Spanish uses a set of verb endings that indicate who is performing the action as well as indicate that it is happening in the future. Examples: hablarà ©, I will speak; hablars, you (singular) will speak; à ©l hablar, he will speak; hablaremos, we will speak; hablarn, they will speak. Preterite (a type of past tense) I talked, you talked, he talked, we talked, they talked. In English, the simple past tense usually is formed by adding s: hablà ©, I talked; hablaste, you (singular) talked; hablà ³, she talked; hablamos, we talked; hablaron, they talked. Present perfect (another type of past tense) I have talked, you have talked, he has talked, we have talked, they have talked. In English, the present perfect is formed by using the present tense of to have and adding a participle, which usually ends in s: he hablado, I have spoken; à ©l ha hablado, he has spoken. The gerund and progressive tenses I am talking, you are talking, she is talking, we are talking, they are talking. English forms a gerund by adding s: estoy hablando, I am talking; estuvo hablando, he was talking. Subjunctive mood If I were rich ... If that be the case ... English sometimes uses the subjunctive mood to indicate something that is hypothetical or contrary to fact. Distinctive forms for the subjunctive mood, although they used to be somewhat common, are nearly absent from modern English conversation.Spanish also uses a subjunctive mood, but it is far more common than in English. Going into details about its use is beyond the scope of this lesson, but it is usually used in dependent clauses. Example: In Quiero que ella hable (I want her to talk, or, literally, I want that she talk.), hable is in the subjunctive mood. Commands (imperative mood) Talk. English has a simple command form based on an unconjugated form of the verb. To give a command, you simply use the infinitive without the to.Spanish has both formal and familiar requests that are indicated by verb endings. Examples: hable (usted), habla (tà º), (you) talk. In some circumstances, such as in recipes, the infinitive can also function as a type of comand. Other verb forms I could talk, I would talk, I could have talked, I will have talked, I was talking, I will be talking. English uses several auxiliary verbs to convey a sense of time for a verbs action.Spanish uses the verb haber and/or a variety of endings to convey a similar sense of time. Most learning Spanish as a second language learn these forms at an intermediate level. Summary As you can see, the verb forms are much more extensive in Spanish than they are in English. Complicating things is that the most common verbs are usually  irregular, as they are in English (I go, but I went, and I see, but I saw). The important thing to keep in mind is that Spanish usually uses endings to more fully convey the nature of the action, while English is much more likely to use auxiliary verbs and other sentence components.

Causal Analysis of Will Dropouts Save America Research Paper

Causal Analysis of Will Dropouts Save America - Research Paper Example † However, while Ellsberg commits to this type of sentiments of the present and expresses sold-out support for the seemingly majestic concretized idea in start-up entrepreneurship comprised mainly of prominent college dropouts, does it ever occur to him to ponder on how the world would look with money-driven human beings who act, talk, treat, and think like some crazy engine for dough all the time? For one, having thought ahead of the possible scenarios with that and what I would most likely feel about each of them, I am rather afraid of acquiring much trouble in coping with that kind of future Ellsberg insists in his sphere of change and investments. Perhaps we need not be upset with the way he perceives how economic conflicts, particularly the issues on unemployment, ought to be taken care of in the light of modifying an aspect of educational system so as to snap out rigidity in the curriculum. Maybe it is through this curricular flexibility that we can opt to find hope and r ealize that exploring beyond the conventional academic realms enables studying individuals to learn the remarkable key to economic potentials and thereby succeed with the targeted growth in professional goals. This is all fine and to some extent, relieving to know, but just because we are in dire necessity of rectifying certain directions with the traditional approach does not have to mean we must abolish proper education altogether and become entrepreneurs whether or not we are inclined to be. What Ellsberg’s paradigm appears to lack in understanding is that in truth, people by nature are free wanderers seeking true knowledge despite socio-political weather and economic conditions. Regardless of age and period, history has made us observe how indispensable an asset critical thinking is for the well-being of mankind as citizenry and as an entire nation. There can be no critical or creative thinking without valuable learning and there can be no valuable learning without an ins titution that serves a systematic way of educating people especially the youth. We must not forget that our capacity to think with the utmost sensibility is generated by our unconscious embrace of discipline and teachings in school. No matter how much we admit on not having a choice but to deal with academic tasks that take up considerable time and energy from us, at some point later, wherever we are or howsoever we come to be, a spur of wisdom pops to us and renders us capable of drawing inexplicable insights. It may be a little difficult to justify such statement without actual encounter yet certainly, a natural wonder of sound intellect is not something that Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, or Paul Allen could afford to impart to an individual who is after a deeper sense of fulfillment in life. Definitely, I would never want myself nor my children and even my children’s grandchildren to miss on the fundamentals of sciences, mathematics, history, and classic literature to delight wi th for subjects like these are priceless and can only be delivered with heart by a faculty that believes and discerns the principles of good education more than those of material wealth. Attempts to resolve joblessness and associated educational demands should be held in great regard but never at the expense of one’s scholastic foundation which is highly essential in living, that there is no probable way it could